PSY 341K (40230) --- Categories and Concepts

T, Th 2-3:30 PM, SEA 2.224

Spring 2003 Syllabus

homepage: http://love.psy.utexas.edu/concepts/index.html
Click here for a week by week class schedule.

Who Office Office Hours email
Bradley Love SEA 5.202 T, Th 5-6 PM
love@psy.utexas.edu
Jody Hendrix SEA 3.312 T, Th 11-12:30
jhen@mail.utexas.edu

Prerequisite: Psychology 301 with a grade of C or better, Psychology 418 or an equivalent statistics course with a grade of C or better, and upper division standing.

Enrollment limitations:

None.

General Course Description:

How do we order our experiences and generalize from them to predict future outcomes? What is the nature of our mental representations? What algorithms do we use in reasoning and learning? Can machines replicate the aforementioned phenomena? These are the questions we are going to consider in this seminar.

Readings will largely consist of journal articles and book chapters written by leading researchers. These readings will be distributed through a web page as pdf files available for downloading.

Format of Classes:

Class will be discussion oriented. As in most seminars, class participation is important. Students are expected to do the readings before each class and to come prepared to talk about issues related to those readings.

Requirements:

Each class (see schedule below), students will turn in 2 or 3 questions inspired by the readings assigned for that day, along with a paragraph detailing the motivation for each question. You should bring in three copies of your questions. One for me, one for Jody, and one for yourself. It is very important that you turn in your questions at the beginning of class. Questions can't be emailed or turned in after class. The point is for questions to shape the class discussion.

Particpation will make up 40% of your class grade. While rating participation is somewhat subjective, the grade will be based on the following system: 4 or less strikes is an A, 6 or less is a B, 9 or less is a C. A strike is missing a class, forgetting to turn in questions before class, or not participating in a class. If you are sick or going to be out of town, you can email your questions to Jody and me so that you only receive one strike for missing class. There is some purposeful cushion built into this system, so we aren't going to worry about medical or other excused absences unless you have a serious problem that causes you to miss more than a week of class. Let's hope no one experiences such a situation.

There will be two take home essay exams each consisting of five questions. Each question will require a 3/4 to 1 1/2 page response. Hopefully, these exams will be enjoyable and will be like commentaries or reaction thought pieces for you. These exans (which are really like homework assignments) will make up 20% of your grade. You need to work on these alone and not in groups.

Students will write a grant proposal for a research project in categories and concepts. You will propose a couple of studies that address an important and novel research problem in categories and concepts. Like any proposal, you should cover the relevant research on the topic, motivate a key problem, offer a solution or hypothesis, and describe a series of coherent studies that bear on the problem. The proposal should be around 10 pages long. Here's an example proposal. Here's an example proposal from a grad student. Here is a skeleton outline of a grant proposal.

Prior to writing your paper, you will hand in a brief description of your idea followed by an outline. Midway through the semester, students will submit an initial draft. At the end of the semester, students will submit a revised copy and the class will convene a grant panel meeting in which we will evaluate all of the proposals. It should be fun to see what everyone ends up doing. This whole project will account for 40% of your class grade.

Another requirement of class is to check your email somewhat frequently for course announcemnts. Email Jody if your preferred address is not your UT address or if you would like course emails directed to another account.

Policy on incompletes.

No incompletes will be given.

Textbook

none

Additional Materials

Every week there will be additional readings. These readings will be available online as pdf files. You can download Adobe's free pdf viewer here. The readings must be done in advance of class.

Class Schedule

Date Readings (the second reading listed is always optional)
January 14 Welcome
January 16 Collins, A. M. and Quillan, M. R. (1969). Retrieval time form semantic memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 8, 241-248.

Smith, E.E., Shoben, E.J. & Rips, L.J. (1974). Structure and process in semantic memory: A featural model for semantic decisions. Psychological Review, 81, 214-241.
January 21 Rosch, E. and Mervis, C. B. (1975). Family resemblance: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573-605.

Corter, J.E. and Gluck, M.A. (1992). Explaining basic categories: Feature predictability and information. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 291-303.
January 23 Tanaka, J. W. and Taylor, M. E. (1991). Object categories and expertise: Is the basic level in the eye of the beholder? Cognitive Psychology, 15, 121-149.
January 28 Tanaka, J. W. and Gauthier, I. (1997). Expertise in object and face recognition. Psychology of learning and motivation, 36, 83- 125.
January 30 Rosch, E., Mervis, C. B., Gray, W., Johnson, D., and Boyes-Braem, P. (1976). Basic objects in natural categories. Cognitive Psychology, 8, 382-439.
February 4 Take-home exam distributed

Form groups/ideas in class for a categorization project.

February 6 NO CLASS, collect data for project, extra office hours
February 11 Exams due

Group presentations
February 13 Two proposal ideas due (one paragraph each)

Anderson, J. R. (1991). The adaptive nature of human categorization. Psychological Review, 98, 409-429.
February 18 Markman, A. B. and Ross, B. H. (in press). Category Learning and Category Use. Psychological Bulletin

Love, B. C.(in press). Comparing Supervised and Unsupervised Category Learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
February 20 Project 2 Discussion

Exam 2 distributed.
February 25 No Class -- collect data for project
February 27 proposal outline due

People with an even number of letters in their last name go to Jody during class time to get your outline OK'd, odd balls go to Dr. L.
March 4 Group Presentations

Exam 2 due.
March 6 Osherson, D. N., Smith, E. E., Wilkie, O., Lopez, A., and Shafir, E. (1990). Category-based induction. Psychological Review, 97, 185-200.
March 18 Sloman, S. A. (1993). Feature-based induction. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 231-280.

Heit, E. and Rubinstein, J. (1994). Similarity and property effects in inductive reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20, 411- 422.
March 20 proposal draft due

Proffitt, J. B., Coley, J. D., and Medin, D. L. (2000). Expertise and category-based induction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26, 811-828.
March 25 Sloman, S. A. (1996). The empirical case for two systems of reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 119, 3-22.

Wisniewski, E. J. and Bassock, M. (1999). What makes a man similar to a tie? Stimulus compatibility with comparison and integration. Cognitive Psychology, 39, 208-238.
March 27 Smith, E. E. and Sloman, S. A. (1994). Similarity- versus rule-based categorization. Memory & Cognition, 22, 377- 386.

optional: Erickson, M. A. and Kruschke, J. R. (1998). Rules and exemplars in category learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127, 107-140.
April 1 Johansen, M.K., & Palmeri, T.J. (in press). Are there representational shifts during category learning? Cognitive Psychology.
April 3 Ashby, F. G., & Ell, S. W. (2001). The neurobiology of category learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 204-210

Maddox, W. T., Ashby, F. G., & Bohil, C. J. (in press) Delayed Feedback Effects on Rule-Based and Information-Integration Category Learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition.
April 8 Nosofsky, R. M., and Zaki, S. R. (1998). Dissociations between categorization and recognition in amnesic and normal individuals: An exemplar-based interpretation. Psychological Science, 9, 247-255.

Smith, E. E., Patalano, A. L., and Jonides, J. (1998). Alternative strategies of categorization. Cognition, 65, 167-196.
April 10 Goldstone, R. L. (1994). The role of similarity in categorization: providing a groundwork, Cognition, 52, 125-157.
April 15 Exam 3

Tversky, A. (1977). Features of similarity. Psychological Review, 84, 327-352.

Shepard, R. N. (1987). Towards a universal law of generalization for psychological science. Science, 237, 1317-1323.
April 17 Markman, A. B. and Gentner, D. (1993). Structural alignment during similarity comparisons. Cognitive Psychology, 25, 431- 467.
April 22 Exam 3 due

Panel Meeting
April 24 Panel Meeting
April 29 Panel Meeting
May 1 Panel Meeting

The grades ended up being on the high-end because of the strong participation (attendance, questions, etc.) of most students. In general, people improved over the course of the semester (see exam grades). The class's writing in particular improved a lot.

Many of the proposals were very well written. Unfortunately, the other aspects of the proposals were somewhat of a disappointment. Despite the outlines, meetings, and revisions, a lot of the proposals did not test a clear idea that was *relevant* to our basic understanding of categories and concepts and motivated by past research in categories and concepts. In general, the proposals that were the strongest were the ones that followed the feedback given and sought additional feedback. Some proposals got tagged because they ignored feedback provided by Jody and me. For example, if it was recommended that you look at a specific article or correct a methodological problem and you didn't, your grade suffered (that shouldn't be surprising). I'll place the proposals outside my door if you want to pick them up.

Again, the grades overall are very high. Nevertheless, there is always one or two students who are dissatisfied and look towards the TA and Professor and not themselves. Given how lax participation was graded, there really isn't anyone on the cusp of a better grade. If you would like the grading rationale explained, we can talk about it, but only after you read through your paper and sleep on it. No emails or meetings before Monday (at the earliest) please.

One question people had was whether Jody and I would both read the proposals. We did and largely agreed. The differences between our two perspectives were not sufficient to alter anyone's final grade (I actually ran this through the spreadsheet).

Hopefully this lengthy message will take care of grading questions. I hope you all have a nice summer. Thanks.

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secret code; exam 1; exam2; exam3; exam average; proposal; participation; final grade; letter grade

7 2 2.75 3 2.58 2 4 2.92 B
938 3 2.75 4 3.25 2 4 3.05 B
1110 2 2.25 3.75 2.67 4 4 3.73 A
1279 2.75 3 3.25 3 2.25 4 3.1 B
1357 3.25 4 3.25 3.5 3 4 3.5 A
1390 1.75 2.25 3.25 2.42 2 4 2.88 B
1974 3 4 4 3.67 3.25 4 3.63 A
2677 2 3 3.25 2.75 3.75 1.25 2.55 B
2709 2 3 3.75 2.92 3 4 3.383333333 B
3369 4 3.75 4 3.92 3 4 3.583333333 A
4683 3.25 4.25 4 3.83 4 4 3.966666667 A
6865 3.75 2.75 4 3.5 3.25 4 3.6 A
9419 2 3 2.25 2.42 2.25 2.75 2.5 B